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In Nepal, Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBAs) are legally recognized instruments that play a crucial role in regulating the relationship between employers and employees. These are formal agreements concluded between an employer (or a group of employers) and a trade union or a committee that legitimately represents the workers within an enterprise. CBAs are primarily governed by the Labour...

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a non-profit group that works independently of the government to support social, environmental, and humanitarian causes. NGOs are also known as civil society organizations and may operate on a local, national, or international level. Their main goal is to promote positive change whether by empowering women, protecting children’s rights, preserving the...

Starting an Internet Service Provider (ISP) business in Nepal means understanding the rules and regulations that control how internet services work in the country. The Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) is the main government body that oversees and manages everything related to ISPs. Anyone who wants to become an ISP must go through a full registration and licensing process with the...

Marriage is a profound legal and emotional commitment. But not all marriages begin on the right foundation. In some cases, individuals may enter into marriage under pressure, deception, or in violation of legal standards. In Nepal, the law recognizes that such situations can lead to invalid marital relationships and it provides clear classifications for them: void marriages and voidable...

House Rental Agreements in Nepal When entering into a house rental arrangement in Nepal, it is important to understand the legal framework provided under the National Civil Code 2074 in chapter 9.  According to National Civil code 2074 section 383, A house is considered legally rented when the owner or person in possession of the property allows another person to use it in exchange...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a crucial component for the economic development of Nepal, particularly in promoting industrial growth, creating employment, and enhancing access to technology and international markets. Legal Framework for Foreign Investment in Nepal’s ICT Sector Foreign investment in Nepal’s ICT sector is regulated by a set of laws that provide the basis for...

The Labour Act, 2074 (2017) introduces a structured legal framework for regulating the engagement of workers through third-party labor outsourcing in Nepal. Recognizing the growing prevalence of outsourced labor in both public and private sectors, the Act seeks to ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in such arrangements.  By establishing clear criteria and limitations,...

Termination of employment signifies the formal conclusion of the employer–employee relationship. It may arise from various circumstances, including voluntary resignation, retirement, mutual separation, dismissal for cause, or redundancy due to organizational changes. Given the potential legal and ethical implications, most jurisdictions Nepal included have established comprehensive legal...

A Company Secretary is an officer appointed by a company to ensure compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements, implement board decisions, maintain company records, and oversee administrative and governance-related duties. Mandatory Appointment of company secretary: According to Section 185 of the Companies Act, 2063, every public company having a paid-up capital of ten...

In the context of property law in Nepal, the term “property” is defined broadly to include not only physical goods and money but also services or actions that hold economic value. Any cash, goods, or work is legally recognized as property if it can be used, bought or sold, transferred in ownership, or if any kind of benefit or advantage can be derived from it. This inclusive...